Pacific Nanotechnology Inc.
Atomic Force Microscopes - Tutorial Page
Topography Modes
When scanning a sample with an AFM a constant force is applied to the surface by the
probe at the end of a cantilever. Measuring the force with the cantilever in the AFM
is achieved by two methods. In the first method the deflection of the cantilever is
directly measured. In the second method, the cantilever is vibrated and changes in
the vibration properties are measured.